一、测试需求描述
对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。
输入:根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值(Json格式)
输出:字符串(传入的方式+传入的字符串)
http://localhost:8090/lctest/TestServer
二、程序设计
1、Client程序设计
读取Excel配置的测试用例数据
发送参数Json格式给Server,接收Server的返回数据
进行数据比对校验,返回测试结果,将数据插入到Excel中
2、Server端程序设计
接受Client的参数,进行解析
发送返回数据给client
三、实现方法
1、选用Java脚本来驱动测试
2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据,包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等,这个需要封装一个Excel的类。
3、调用http接口采用java自带的的API
4、测试需要的将参数转化成字符串
5、通过预期结果和实际结果的对比,将实际结果和对比结果写入Excel用例中,这里封装了一个类
6、首次执行测试采用人工检查输出的是否正确,一旦正确写入Excel的期望结果中,如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。
四、Excel表格设计
五、代码结构
六、实现代码
1、ExcelUtil.java
package client;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;public class ExcelUtil { //读取Excel中数据 public static List read() throws Exception{ HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet s = wb.createSheet(); HSSFRow row = s.createRow(0); HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((int)0,0); //------------从xls读出数据 wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream("D:\\learn\\test.xls")); s = wb.getSheetAt(0); //获得EXCEL行数 int rowNums=s.getLastRowNum(); //获得Excell列数 //int columnNum=r.getPhysicalNumberOfCells(); List params=new ArrayList(); for(int i=1;i<=rowNums;i++){ HSSFRow r = s.getRow(i); cell=r.getCell(0); Param param= new Param(); param.setNo(r.getCell(0).getStringCellValue()); param.setName(r.getCell(1).getStringCellValue()); param.setAge(r.getCell(2).getStringCellValue()); param.setSex(r.getCell(3).getStringCellValue()); param.setExpResu(r.getCell(4).getStringCellValue());// System.out.println(cell.getRichStringCellValue()); params.add(param); } return params; } /** * 写入Excel,在任意坐标处写入数据。 * String value:你要输入的内容 * int x :行坐标,Excel从 0 算起 * int y :列坐标,Excel从 0 算起 */ public static void writeCell(String filePath,int x,int y,String value) { try { // 创建Excel的工作书册 Workbook,对应到一个excel文档 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(filePath)); HSSFSheet sheet=wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFRow row=sheet.getRow(x); HSSFCell cell=row.getCell((short) y); cell.setCellValue(value); FileOutputStream os; os = new FileOutputStream(filePath); wb.write(os); os.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}
2、JsonsUtil.java
package client;import java.text.ParseException;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import org.json.JSONArray;import org.json.JSONException;import org.json.JSONObject;/** * 使用json-lib构造和解析Json数据 */public class JsonsUtil { /**将Bean转换成Map * 将Map转换Json数据 */public static String BuildJson(Param param) throws JSONException { Mapmap1 = new HashMap (); map1.put("no", param.getNo()); map1.put("name", param.getName()); map1.put("age", param.getAge()); map1.put("sex", param.getSex());// map1.put("expResu", param.getExpResu()); // JSON格式数据解析对象 JSONObject jo = new JSONObject(); // 将Map转换为JSONArray数据 JSONArray ja = new JSONArray(); ja.put(map1);// System.out.println("JSONArray对象数据格式:"+ja.toString()); jo.put("map", ja);// System.out.println("最终构造的JSON数据格式:"+jo.toString()); return jo.toString(); } /** * 解析Json数据 * */public static JSONArray ParseJson(String jsonString) throws JSONException, ParseException { JSONObject jo = new JSONObject(jsonString); JSONArray ja = jo.getJSONArray("map");// System.out.println(ja.getJSONObject(0).getString("name")); return ja; }}
3、Param.java
package client;public class Param { String no;//编号 String name;//姓名 String age;//年龄 String sex;//性别 String expResu;//期望结果 String actResu;//实际结果 String pass;//是否通过 String desc;//描述 public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getNo() { return no; } public void setNo(String no) { this.no = no; } public String getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(String age) { this.age = age; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public String getExpResu() { return expResu; } public void setExpResu(String expResu) { this.expResu = expResu; } public String getActResu() { return actResu; } public void setActResu(String actResu) { this.actResu = actResu; } public String getPass() { return pass; } public void setPass(String pass) { this.pass = pass; } public String getDesc() { return desc; } public void setDesc(String desc) { this.desc = desc; }}
4、CompareRes.java
package client;public class CompareRes { int actResuNo=5;//测试结果在第五例 int passNo=6;//对比结果在第六列 public void compare(String filePath,Param param,String actResu){ ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),actResuNo,actResu); if(param.getExpResu().trim().equals(actResu)){ ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),passNo,"Y"); }else{ ExcelUtil.writeCell(filePath,Integer.parseInt(param.getNo()),passNo,"N"); } }}
5、TestClient .java
package client;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.URL;import java.net.URLConnection;import java.util.List;public class TestClient { public static void main(String[]agrs){ TestClient a=new TestClient(); try { a.client(); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public void client() throws Exception{ List params = ExcelUtil.read(); for(Param pa:params){ try { // 接报文的地址 String filePath="D:\\learn\\test.xls"; String param= new JsonsUtil().BuildJson(pa); URL serverUrl= new URL("http://localhost:8090/lctest/TestServer"); URLConnection uct= serverUrl.openConnection(); HttpURLConnection hutc=(HttpURLConnection)uct; // 设置报文参数 hutc.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在 http正文内,因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false; hutc.setDoOutput(true); // 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认情况下是true hutc.setDoInput(true); // hutc.setAllowUserInteraction(true); // 开启流,写入数据data OutputStream out=hutc.getOutputStream(); out.write(param.getBytes("UTF-8")); out.flush(); out.close(); // 获取返回的数据 StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer(); BufferedReader reader = null; InputStream ins=hutc.getInputStream(); reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(ins,"UTF-8")); String sg=reader.readLine(); if (sg!= null){ buffer.append(sg); } System.out.println("接收返回值:" + buffer); new CompareRes().compare(filePath, pa, buffer.toString()); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }}
6、TestServer
public class TestServer extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private static JSONArray ja; /** * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet() */ public TestServer() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } /** * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try { this.excute(request, response); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try { this.excute(request, response); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public void excute(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception{ request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setContentType("text/xml"); String method=request.getMethod(); String url=request.getRequestURI(); String param; // 获取收到的报文 BufferedReader reader = request.getReader(); String line = ""; line = reader.readLine(); ja=new JsonsUtil().ParseJson(line); StringBuffer resultBuffer=new StringBuffer(); resultBuffer.append("访问方式"+method+"访问成功"); resultBuffer.append("接收到的数据:"+line); PrintWriter out =response.getWriter(); out.println(resultBuffer.toString()); out.flush(); out.close(); }}
7、web.xml
TestServer com.servlet.TestServer TestServer /lctest/TestServer
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